SLATEC Routines --- LSEI ---


*DECK LSEI
      SUBROUTINE LSEI (W, MDW, ME, MA, MG, N, PRGOPT, X, RNORME, RNORML,
     +   MODE, WS, IP)
C***BEGIN PROLOGUE  LSEI
C***PURPOSE  Solve a linearly constrained least squares problem with
C            equality and inequality constraints, and optionally compute
C            a covariance matrix.
C***LIBRARY   SLATEC
C***CATEGORY  K1A2A, D9
C***TYPE      SINGLE PRECISION (LSEI-S, DLSEI-D)
C***KEYWORDS  CONSTRAINED LEAST SQUARES, CURVE FITTING, DATA FITTING,
C             EQUALITY CONSTRAINTS, INEQUALITY CONSTRAINTS,
C             QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING
C***AUTHOR  Hanson, R. J., (SNLA)
C           Haskell, K. H., (SNLA)
C***DESCRIPTION
C
C     Abstract
C
C     This subprogram solves a linearly constrained least squares
C     problem with both equality and inequality constraints, and, if the
C     user requests, obtains a covariance matrix of the solution
C     parameters.
C
C     Suppose there are given matrices E, A and G of respective
C     dimensions ME by N, MA by N and MG by N, and vectors F, B and H of
C     respective lengths ME, MA and MG.  This subroutine solves the
C     linearly constrained least squares problem
C
C                   EX = F, (E ME by N) (equations to be exactly
C                                       satisfied)
C                   AX = B, (A MA by N) (equations to be
C                                       approximately satisfied,
C                                       least squares sense)
C                   GX .GE. H,(G MG by N) (inequality constraints)
C
C     The inequalities GX .GE. H mean that every component of the
C     product GX must be .GE. the corresponding component of H.
C
C     In case the equality constraints cannot be satisfied, a
C     generalized inverse solution residual vector length is obtained
C     for F-EX.  This is the minimal length possible for F-EX.
C
C     Any values ME .GE. 0, MA .GE. 0, or MG .GE. 0 are permitted.  The
C     rank of the matrix E is estimated during the computation.  We call
C     this value KRANKE.  It is an output parameter in IP(1) defined
C     below.  Using a generalized inverse solution of EX=F, a reduced
C     least squares problem with inequality constraints is obtained.
C     The tolerances used in these tests for determining the rank
C     of E and the rank of the reduced least squares problem are
C     given in Sandia Tech. Rept. SAND-78-1290.  They can be
C     modified by the user if new values are provided in
C     the option list of the array PRGOPT(*).
C
C     The user must dimension all arrays appearing in the call list..
C     W(MDW,N+1),PRGOPT(*),X(N),WS(2*(ME+N)+K+(MG+2)*(N+7)),IP(MG+2*N+2)
C     where K=MAX(MA+MG,N).  This allows for a solution of a range of
C     problems in the given working space.  The dimension of WS(*)
C     given is a necessary overestimate.  Once a particular problem
C     has been run, the output parameter IP(3) gives the actual
C     dimension required for that problem.
C
C     The parameters for LSEI( ) are
C
C     Input..
C
C     W(*,*),MDW,   The array W(*,*) is doubly subscripted with
C     ME,MA,MG,N    first dimensioning parameter equal to MDW.
C                   For this discussion let us call M = ME+MA+MG.  Then
C                   MDW must satisfy MDW .GE. M.  The condition
C                   MDW .LT. M is an error.
C
C                   The array W(*,*) contains the matrices and vectors
C
C                                  (E  F)
C                                  (A  B)
C                                  (G  H)
C
C                   in rows and columns 1,...,M and 1,...,N+1
C                   respectively.
C
C                   The integers ME, MA, and MG are the
C                   respective matrix row dimensions
C                   of E, A and G.  Each matrix has N columns.
C
C     PRGOPT(*)    This real-valued array is the option vector.
C                  If the user is satisfied with the nominal
C                  subprogram features set
C
C                  PRGOPT(1)=1 (or PRGOPT(1)=1.0)
C
C                  Otherwise PRGOPT(*) is a linked list consisting of
C                  groups of data of the following form
C
C                  LINK
C                  KEY
C                  DATA SET
C
C                  The parameters LINK and KEY are each one word.
C                  The DATA SET can be comprised of several words.
C                  The number of items depends on the value of KEY.
C                  The value of LINK points to the first
C                  entry of the next group of data within
C                  PRGOPT(*).  The exception is when there are
C                  no more options to change.  In that
C                  case, LINK=1 and the values KEY and DATA SET
C                  are not referenced.  The general layout of
C                  PRGOPT(*) is as follows.
C
C               ...PRGOPT(1) = LINK1 (link to first entry of next group)
C               .  PRGOPT(2) = KEY1 (key to the option change)
C               .  PRGOPT(3) = data value (data value for this change)
C               .       .
C               .       .
C               .       .
C               ...PRGOPT(LINK1)   = LINK2 (link to the first entry of
C               .                       next group)
C               .  PRGOPT(LINK1+1) = KEY2 (key to the option change)
C               .  PRGOPT(LINK1+2) = data value
C               ...     .
C               .       .
C               .       .
C               ...PRGOPT(LINK) = 1 (no more options to change)
C
C                  Values of LINK that are nonpositive are errors.
C                  A value of LINK .GT. NLINK=100000 is also an error.
C                  This helps prevent using invalid but positive
C                  values of LINK that will probably extend
C                  beyond the program limits of PRGOPT(*).
C                  Unrecognized values of KEY are ignored.  The
C                  order of the options is arbitrary and any number
C                  of options can be changed with the following
C                  restriction.  To prevent cycling in the
C                  processing of the option array, a count of the
C                  number of options changed is maintained.
C                  Whenever this count exceeds NOPT=1000, an error
C                  message is printed and the subprogram returns.
C
C                  Options..
C
C                  KEY=1
C                         Compute in W(*,*) the N by N
C                  covariance matrix of the solution variables
C                  as an output parameter.  Nominally the
C                  covariance matrix will not be computed.
C                  (This requires no user input.)
C                  The data set for this option is a single value.
C                  It must be nonzero when the covariance matrix
C                  is desired.  If it is zero, the covariance
C                  matrix is not computed.  When the covariance matrix
C                  is computed, the first dimensioning parameter
C                  of the array W(*,*) must satisfy MDW .GE. MAX(M,N).
C
C                  KEY=10
C                         Suppress scaling of the inverse of the
C                  normal matrix by the scale factor RNORM**2/
C                  MAX(1, no. of degrees of freedom).  This option
C                  only applies when the option for computing the
C                  covariance matrix (KEY=1) is used.  With KEY=1 and
C                  KEY=10 used as options the unscaled inverse of the
C                  normal matrix is returned in W(*,*).
C                  The data set for this option is a single value.
C                  When it is nonzero no scaling is done.  When it is
C                  zero scaling is done.  The nominal case is to do
C                  scaling so if option (KEY=1) is used alone, the
C                  matrix will be scaled on output.
C
C                  KEY=2
C                         Scale the nonzero columns of the
C                         entire data matrix.
C                  (E)
C                  (A)
C                  (G)
C
C                  to have length one.  The data set for this
C                  option is a single value.  It must be
C                  nonzero if unit length column scaling
C                  is desired.
C
C                  KEY=3
C                         Scale columns of the entire data matrix
C                  (E)
C                  (A)
C                  (G)
C
C                  with a user-provided diagonal matrix.
C                  The data set for this option consists
C                  of the N diagonal scaling factors, one for
C                  each matrix column.
C
C                  KEY=4
C                         Change the rank determination tolerance for
C                  the equality constraint equations from
C                  the nominal value of SQRT(SRELPR).  This quantity can
C                  be no smaller than SRELPR, the arithmetic-
C                  storage precision.  The quantity SRELPR is the
C                  largest positive number such that T=1.+SRELPR
C                  satisfies T .EQ. 1.  The quantity used
C                  here is internally restricted to be at
C                  least SRELPR.  The data set for this option
C                  is the new tolerance.
C
C                  KEY=5
C                         Change the rank determination tolerance for
C                  the reduced least squares equations from
C                  the nominal value of SQRT(SRELPR).  This quantity can
C                  be no smaller than SRELPR, the arithmetic-
C                  storage precision.  The quantity used
C                  here is internally restricted to be at
C                  least SRELPR.  The data set for this option
C                  is the new tolerance.
C
C                  For example, suppose we want to change
C                  the tolerance for the reduced least squares
C                  problem, compute the covariance matrix of
C                  the solution parameters, and provide
C                  column scaling for the data matrix.  For
C                  these options the dimension of PRGOPT(*)
C                  must be at least N+9.  The Fortran statements
C                  defining these options would be as follows:
C
C                  PRGOPT(1)=4 (link to entry 4 in PRGOPT(*))
C                  PRGOPT(2)=1 (covariance matrix key)
C                  PRGOPT(3)=1 (covariance matrix wanted)
C
C                  PRGOPT(4)=7 (link to entry 7 in PRGOPT(*))
C                  PRGOPT(5)=5 (least squares equas.  tolerance key)
C                  PRGOPT(6)=... (new value of the tolerance)
C
C                  PRGOPT(7)=N+9 (link to entry N+9 in PRGOPT(*))
C                  PRGOPT(8)=3 (user-provided column scaling key)
C
C                  CALL SCOPY (N, D, 1, PRGOPT(9), 1)  (Copy the N
C                    scaling factors from the user array D(*)
C                    to PRGOPT(9)-PRGOPT(N+8))
C
C                  PRGOPT(N+9)=1 (no more options to change)
C
C                  The contents of PRGOPT(*) are not modified
C                  by the subprogram.
C                  The options for WNNLS( ) can also be included
C                  in this array.  The values of KEY recognized
C                  by WNNLS( ) are 6, 7 and 8.  Their functions
C                  are documented in the usage instructions for
C                  subroutine WNNLS( ).  Normally these options
C                  do not need to be modified when using LSEI( ).
C
C     IP(1),       The amounts of working storage actually
C     IP(2)        allocated for the working arrays WS(*) and
C                  IP(*), respectively.  These quantities are
C                  compared with the actual amounts of storage
C                  needed by LSEI( ).  Insufficient storage
C                  allocated for either WS(*) or IP(*) is an
C                  error.  This feature was included in LSEI( )
C                  because miscalculating the storage formulas
C                  for WS(*) and IP(*) might very well lead to
C                  subtle and hard-to-find execution errors.
C
C                  The length of WS(*) must be at least
C
C                  LW = 2*(ME+N)+K+(MG+2)*(N+7)
C
C                  where K = max(MA+MG,N)
C                  This test will not be made if IP(1).LE.0.
C
C                  The length of IP(*) must be at least
C
C                  LIP = MG+2*N+2
C                  This test will not be made if IP(2).LE.0.
C
C     Output..
C
C     X(*),RNORME,  The array X(*) contains the solution parameters
C     RNORML        if the integer output flag MODE = 0 or 1.
C                   The definition of MODE is given directly below.
C                   When MODE = 0 or 1, RNORME and RNORML
C                   respectively contain the residual vector
C                   Euclidean lengths of F - EX and B - AX.  When
C                   MODE=1 the equality constraint equations EX=F
C                   are contradictory, so RNORME .NE. 0.  The residual
C                   vector F-EX has minimal Euclidean length.  For
C                   MODE .GE. 2, none of these parameters is defined.
C
C     MODE          Integer flag that indicates the subprogram
C                   status after completion.  If MODE .GE. 2, no
C                   solution has been computed.
C
C                   MODE =
C
C                   0  Both equality and inequality constraints
C                      are compatible and have been satisfied.
C
C                   1  Equality constraints are contradictory.
C                      A generalized inverse solution of EX=F was used
C                      to minimize the residual vector length F-EX.
C                      In this sense, the solution is still meaningful.
C
C                   2  Inequality constraints are contradictory.
C
C                   3  Both equality and inequality constraints
C                      are contradictory.
C
C                   The following interpretation of
C                   MODE=1,2 or 3 must be made.  The
C                   sets consisting of all solutions
C                   of the equality constraints EX=F
C                   and all vectors satisfying GX .GE. H
C                   have no points in common.  (In
C                   particular this does not say that
C                   each individual set has no points
C                   at all, although this could be the
C                   case.)
C
C                   4  Usage error occurred.  The value
C                      of MDW is .LT. ME+MA+MG, MDW is
C                      .LT. N and a covariance matrix is
C                      requested, or the option vector
C                      PRGOPT(*) is not properly defined,
C                      or the lengths of the working arrays
C                      WS(*) and IP(*), when specified in
C                      IP(1) and IP(2) respectively, are not
C                      long enough.
C
C     W(*,*)        The array W(*,*) contains the N by N symmetric
C                   covariance matrix of the solution parameters,
C                   provided this was requested on input with
C                   the option vector PRGOPT(*) and the output
C                   flag is returned with MODE = 0 or 1.
C
C     IP(*)         The integer working array has three entries
C                   that provide rank and working array length
C                   information after completion.
C
C                      IP(1) = rank of equality constraint
C                              matrix.  Define this quantity
C                              as KRANKE.
C
C                      IP(2) = rank of reduced least squares
C                              problem.
C
C                      IP(3) = the amount of storage in the
C                              working array WS(*) that was
C                              actually used by the subprogram.
C                              The formula given above for the length
C                              of WS(*) is a necessary overestimate.
C                              If exactly the same problem matrices
C                              are used in subsequent executions,
C                              the declared dimension of WS(*) can
C                              be reduced to this output value.
C     User Designated
C     Working Arrays..
C
C     WS(*),IP(*)              These are respectively type real
C                              and type integer working arrays.
C                              Their required minimal lengths are
C                              given above.
C
C***REFERENCES  K. H. Haskell and R. J. Hanson, An algorithm for
C                 linear least squares problems with equality and
C                 nonnegativity constraints, Report SAND77-0552, Sandia
C                 Laboratories, June 1978.
C               K. H. Haskell and R. J. Hanson, Selected algorithms for
C                 the linearly constrained least squares problem - a
C                 users guide, Report SAND78-1290, Sandia Laboratories,
C                 August 1979.
C               K. H. Haskell and R. J. Hanson, An algorithm for
C                 linear least squares problems with equality and
C                 nonnegativity constraints, Mathematical Programming
C                 21 (1981), pp. 98-118.
C               R. J. Hanson and K. H. Haskell, Two algorithms for the
C                 linearly constrained least squares problem, ACM
C                 Transactions on Mathematical Software, September 1982.
C***ROUTINES CALLED  H12, LSI, R1MACH, SASUM, SAXPY, SCOPY, SDOT, SNRM2,
C                    SSCAL, SSWAP, XERMSG
C***REVISION HISTORY  (YYMMDD)
C   790701  DATE WRITTEN
C   890531  Changed all specific intrinsics to generic.  (WRB)
C   890618  Completely restructured and extensively revised (WRB & RWC)
C   890831  REVISION DATE from Version 3.2
C   891214  Prologue converted to Version 4.0 format.  (BAB)
C   900315  CALLs to XERROR changed to CALLs to XERMSG.  (THJ)
C   900510  Convert XERRWV calls to XERMSG calls.  (RWC)
C   920501  Reformatted the REFERENCES section.  (WRB)
C***END PROLOGUE  LSEI